Change the timezone, date time on linux

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime

In this command important part is giving the path of your timezone(bold one in example).

Change Default Editor on Linux

#set | grep EDITOR

EDITOR=/bin/pico

# which vi

/usr/bin/vi

# export EDITOR=/usr/bin/vi

# set | grep EDITOR

EDITOR=/usr/bin/vi
_=EDITOR

Deleting Files Based on Date Time

Today I needed to delete files based on date and time:
Here is the command I used for deleting file last modified on 21 Oct 2009 16:30:

ls -lh | sed -n '/Oct\ 21\ 16:30/p' | awk '{print $9}' >> 1.txt

rm -f `cat 1.txt`

Explanations: 

ls -lh (lists all files)

sed -n  '/Oct\ 21\ 16:30/p' (find files at given date from list)

awk '{print $9}' (print only file names on list) and >> 1.txt put list of files to 1.txt

rm -f (force to delete)

Recursively Download FTP

Sometimes, you may need to move one server to another. At that time, you may use wget command to move your files without any pain.
Here is the command for recursive download on ftp via wget:

wget -r ftp://username:password@ftp.example.com/

Yes, thats all folks!

List of users on Linux

To list the users in linux you may use following command:

cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ":" -f1

NGINX, PHP-CGI, SPAWN-FCI, FTP, VHOSTS, MYSQL | centos-fedora-redhat

Setup is done under a clean Centos 5.2 32bit server

yum -y update
yum -y upgrade

PART 0
#####################################################
# start with php-5 setup and mysql setup #
#####################################################

yum -y install mysql-server mysql-client

yum -y install php-cgi php-mysql php-curl php-gd php-idn php-pear php-imagick php-imap php-mcrypt php-memcache php-mhash php-ming php-pspell php-recode php-snmp php-sqlite php-tidy php-xmlrpc php-xsl

Note: add following line to end of php ini file

cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1

PART 1
#####################################################
# NGINX SETUP START #
#####################################################

# first creating users for nginx

adduser www-data --home-dir /home/www-data
passwd www-data

--------------->enter a password

# Creating a client user for some virtual hosting

adduser mustafat --home-dir /home/www-data/mustafat -G www-data
passwd mustafat

--------------->enter a password

chown mustafat:www-data /home/www-data/mustafat

#after adding users run chmod command

chmod 0755 /home/www-data/ -R

# adding some directories for user www-data actually for nginx setup :)

mkdir /var/lib/nginx/
mkdir /var/lib/nginx/body
mkdir /var/lib/nginx/proxy
mkdir /var/lib/nginx/fastcgi
chown www-data:root /var/lib/nginx/ -R
chmod 0700 /var/lib/nginx -R


yum -y install wget which
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.15

yum -y install gcc make
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

./configure --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-

path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body --http-proxy-temp-

path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi --with-debug --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_flv_module --with-

http_ssl_module --with-http_dav_module

make
make install

#nginx setup finished
#####################################################
#####################################################

PART 2
#####################################################
# start spawn-fcgi setup #
#####################################################

wget http://www.lighttpd.net/download/spawn-fcgi-1.6.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf spawn-fcgi-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd spawn-fcgi-1.6.2
./configure
make
make install

which spawn-fcgi

#returned: /usr/local/bin/spawn-fcgi

which php-cgi

#returned: /usr/bin/php-cgi

#for help run for spawning

/usr/local/bin/spawn-fcgi --help

#so lets SPAWN it:

/usr/local/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -u www-data -g www-data -f /usr/bin/php-cgi -P /var/run/fastcgi-php.pid -C 10

#add it to the start up

vi /etc/rc.local

#add the following line to the end of file

/usr/local/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -u www-data -g www-data -f /usr/bin/php-cgi -P /var/run/fastcgi-php.pid -C 10

# end spawn-fcgi setup
#####################################################
#####################################################

PART 3
#####################################################
#editing default nginx conf

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#change file content with following one

user www-data;
worker_processes 5;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 2;
tcp_nodelay on;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1000;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;
gzip_types text/plain application/xml;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";


limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=antiddos:20m rate=3r/s;

include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

#####################################################

mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.d/
mkdir /etc/nginx/sites-enabled

#add following lines for default config you may change it whatever you like

vi /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

# sample config file

server {
listen 80;
server_name _; # underdash means for all hosts

access_log off;

location / {
root /home/www-data;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}

}

#some test

vi /home/www-data/index.html

hello world from vpslife.blogspot.com and vpswatch.com

#adding a virtual host

vi /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/vpswatch.com.conf

#sample config for vpswatch.com (virtual host) which is running now

server {
listen 80;
server_name vpswatch.com www.vpswatch.com;

access_log off;

location / {
root /home/www-data/mustafat/vpswatch.com;
index index.php index.html index.htm;

# to forward www to non-www address
if ($host ~* www\.(.*)) {
set $host_without_www $1;
rewrite ^(.*)$ http://$host_without_www$1 permanent;
}
# I added a some write for the testing purpose
rewrite ^/vps-provider/([^/]*)/$ /myserviceproviders.php?vps_provider=$1 last;

}
location ~ \.php$ {
limit_req zone=antiddos burst=5 nodelay;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/www-data/mustafat/vpswatch.com$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
include fastcgi_params;
}

}

PART 4
#####################################################
# NGINX STARTUP SCRIPT FOR CENTOS/FEDORA/REDHAT #
#####################################################

vi /etc/init.d/nginx

# copy paste following script for redhat/centos/fedora

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}

stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}

restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
start
}

reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}

force_reload() {
restart
}

configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac

#####################################################

#make it executable

chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx

# lets start nginx

/etc/init.d/nginx start

# now try at is it working with a standard browser
# like firefox, ie, safari, opera...
# open http://yourserveripaddress/
# or try your virtual hosting in example : http://vpswatch.com/


# add it to the start up

vi /etc/rc.local

# add following line

/etc/init.d/nginx start

PART 5
#####################################################
# FTP Server with same users #
#####################################################
http://vpslife.blogspot.com/2009/09/setting-up-secure-fast-ftp-server-for.html

Reference : http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxInstall

Setting Up a secure fast ftp server for linux | VSFTP

#################################################
# setting up a ftp server #
# http://vpslife.blogspot.com/ & http://vpswatch.com/
#################################################

wget ftp://vsftpd.beasts.org/users/cevans/vsftpd-2.2.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf vsftpd-2.2.0.tar.gz
cd vsftpd-2.2.0
make
adduser nobody
adduser: user nobody exists

mkdir /var/ftp/
useradd -d /var/ftp ftp

(the next two are useful to run even if the user "ftp" already exists).

chown root.root /var/ftp
chmod og-w /var/ftp

Install vsftpd config file, executable, man page, etc.

make install
cp vsftpd.conf /etc

# open conf file and edit

vi /etc/vsftpd.conf

# set anonym ftp to no!

anonymous_enable=NO

# set local users can login and uncomment

local_enable=YES

# set write enable to yes and uncomment

write_enable=YES

#other settings

local_umask=022
connect_from_port_20=NO

chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

##save file

#add users that you want enable ftp

vi /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#I added two user

www-data
mustafat

#add following lines to pam file

vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd

# Standard behaviour for ftpd(8).

auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list onerr=fail


# Note: vsftpd handles anonymous logins on its own. Do not enable
# pam_ftp.so.

# Standard blurb.
@include common-account
@include common-session

@include common-auth
auth required pam_shells.so
account required pam_unix.so
session required pam_unix.so

# to add to start up

vi /etc/rc.local

# add following line

/usr/local/sbin/vsftpd &

Reference : ftp://vsftpd.beasts.org/users/cevans/untar/vsftpd-2.2.0/INSTALL
Why Vsftp: Its fast and secure!